NALA Certified Paralegal Practice Exam 2025 - Free Paralegal Practice Questions and Study Guide

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Which of the following is a required element for criminal liability?

Defense of others

Defense of property

Self-defense

None of the above

For an individual to be criminally liable, there are specific elements that must be established. These generally include the existence of a criminal act (actus reus), a mental state or intent (mens rea), and causation linking the action to the harm caused. The choices listed—defense of others, defense of property, and self-defense—are affirmative defenses that can be used in court to justify or excuse conduct that would otherwise be considered criminal.

None of these defenses are required elements for establishing criminal liability itself. Instead, they serve to potentially negate the liability of a defendant who may have engaged in conduct that appears criminal but is allowed under certain conditions, such as protecting oneself or others from harm. Therefore, the correct answer underscores that none of the given options is a requisite for establishing criminal liability.

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